Police Enforcement And Police Officers Essay - 1621 Words

CRJ 132 ESSAY There are various roles in law enforcement today, Patrol Police officers, Detectives, Criminal Investigators, Correctional Officers, Jailers, Sheriffs Security Guards, Private Detectives, Investigators, and various other protective service professionals. I believe they are all important in their own way, each role is crucial to the way our society operates today. I also believe the most important role in law enforcement today, is the community police officers/Patrol officers. That is due to the responsibilities they have day to day, they work together with the people, they communicate with the community they are serving to assist in a smooth social atmosphere. This also implies that the community is responding positively to the police. Community policing is a state of mind, meaning it relies on the individual to react to a certain situation they’re confronted with, which involves developing a plan to deal with the situation. Therefore, community policing is the m ost important role in policing today, it is a new way of thinking about police within the community, the police and the public become one, they work together to help each other. Patrol officers also do the day to day work, in which they respond to calls, making arrests, gathering evidence from the crime scene, making and writing up reports. Patrol officers are also the largest division in the police department, Patrol officers also are responsible for securing crime scenes and conductingShow MoreRelatedPolice Officers And Police Enforcement Officers Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pages Law enforcement officers are authorized to use different forces based on its situation. Officers face many circumstances during the period of their job when use of force is necessary. For example, making arrests, restraining unruled combatants, and while controlling disruptive situations. Incidents involving the use of excessive force by the police frequently receive media attentions, legislators and sometimes even criminal courts. To serve better for a community or country a small percentageRead MorePolice Officers And The Police Enforcement939 Words   |  4 PagesThe psychologist serves a great purpose in the law enforcement as well. The police psychologists provide services that are used to counter police use of excessive force. The psychologists are there to characterize the types of officers who are known to abuse force and to recommend psychology-based intervention that could help police managers reduce cases of excessive force. Some think that the police departments should rely mostly on pre employment screening to identify violence-prone candidatesRead MorePolice Enforcement And Police Officers Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages An integral training of today’s police officers duties is the physical skill of the application of use of force. This is needed skill requirement to detain and arrest a person who has committed a crime and resisting. Police officers must be trained to use force properly when the skill is required on a subject who is resisting police officers efforts to place them under arrest. This skill has the potential for the officer to exceed the needed amount of force to place them under arrest that can leadRead MorePolice Enforcement And Police Officers1438 Words   |  6 Pageswidely known that police officers are given a substantial amount of latitude concerning vehicular searches while on patrol. Many officers make it a habit to ask citizens they pull over if it s okay to search their cars, while others will only ask if they have reason to believe that a suspect is hiding something. Either way, what should you do if the police search your car without your permission, and without fir st obtaining a search warrant? Most people know that police officers need one of threeRead MoreLaw Enforcement : A Police Officer1596 Words   |  7 PagesLaw Enforcement Ask anyone who is interested in a career in law enforcement why they choose that career, and they will say it is to help their community and make a difference in the world. In an average day an officer patrols his given area to keep the safety of the people. For instance the the presence of a police officer in the neighborhood keeps away the criminals who break into homes while people are at work or asleep. It is hard for people to imagine what a world without law enforcementRead MorePolice Officers And Law Enforcement1082 Words   |  5 PagesLaw enforcement officers equipped with body-worn cameras lower external use of force complaints and better compliance during police and citizens encounters creates a more positive experience for police and law-abiding citizens. In recent years, law enforcement officers have come under tremendous scrutiny by the public due to police officers’ use of excessive force. Several deadly force incidents captured on video and not captured caused the arrest or dismissal of police officers. Video footageRead MorePolice Officers And The Law Enforcement970 Words   |  4 Pageslaw enforcement to help enforce laws that supposed to protect us from harm, and investigate crimes when an individual violates a particular law that need to be brought to justice. All police officers are trained to know all the rules and regulation in the handbook of the court of law. One the contraire, there are still some individuals police officers in this nation who abuse their authority of having those rights to serve and protect us from danger. For the most part, the individual’s police officersRead MoreLaw Enforcement Police Enforcement Officers2330 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Law enforcement officers are faced with the challenges of using the appropriate amount of force during arrests or apprehensions and are criticized by the public on a daily basis. Not all excessive force is restricted to physical violence; this is where brutality fits in. The reasons for these actions might be explainable, or unacceptable. It may appear that the law enforcement officer is taking advantage of the situation, when in fact they may be following procedure, and in turn can articulateRead MoreLaw Enforcement Of The Police Officer1520 Words   |  7 Pagesrequired by law enforcement to persuade compliance by an unwilling subject is a description of use of force. There is not just one definition for use of force. A majority of the law enforcement agencies carry policies that define their use of force. Included in these policies is the actions that an officer can have to undertake in a situation. Whenever an officer has to use force, they need to understand and know what the a ppropriate force needed at the time. To help guide the officers, agencies haveRead MoreThe Law Enforcement Of A Police Officer2086 Words   |  9 Pages The purpose of law enforcement is to protect the lives and property of both the community’s citizens and people who visit and work in the community. There are many different levels of law enforcement careers such as local, state and federal agencies. There are also many different occupations within the law enforcement field. One of those occupations is a police officer. (10 Things You Need to Consider Before Becoming a Police Officer, Criminology Careers.com, August 2012, Timothy Roufa, Criminology

Physics of a Car Essay - 1527 Words

Physics of a Car The average driver doesn’t think about what keeps their car moving or what keeps them on the road, but that’s because they don’t have to. The average driver doesn’t have to worry about having enough downforce to keep them on the road or if they will reach the adhesive limit of their car’s tires around a turn. These are the things are the car designers, professional drivers, racing pit crews, serious sports car owners, and physicist think about. Physics are an important part of every sports and racing car design. The stylish curves and ground effects on sports cars are usually there not just for form but function as well allowing you to go speeds over 140 mph in most serious sports cars and remain on the road and in†¦show more content†¦Negative lift is created by front and rear wings on race cars and by ground effects and spoilers on the average sports car. Most negative lift is used to fight inertia as a car rounds a turn. Inertia is the t endency of an object to remain in the same state of motion (Murphy 77). When a car rounds a turn at high speeds it often needs more force than it’s weight to resist the car’s tendency to keep traveling straight. The increased downforce puts more weight on the tires helping the tires grip the road. Drag force is the cost of increasing downforce. Drag force is the force acting on an object in motion in the opposite direction the object is moving through a fluid (Yager). To most people drag force is simply known as air resistance. The objective of aerodynamic efficiency is to maximize downforce while minimizing drag force. Acceleration and Speed are obviously the two defining characteristics of a fast car. Newton’s three laws of motion are an essential part in determining how fast a car will accelerate and how fast it will go. Newton’s second law is the easiest to understand in relation to a car’s acceleration. Newton’s second law mathematically states Force=(mass)(acceleration) (Murphy 78). This law explains why cars that need to accelerate fast should be relatively light in weight compared to other cars. Removing mass, such as a bumper, radio or fancy upholstery reduces the weight ofShow MoreRelatedThe Physics Of Car Crashes1525 Words   |  7 Pages This is a research assignment on the Physics of Car Crashes. In this report the physics behind car crashes will be reported on in depth to answer the question, â€Å"In a car crash, are you better to trust the science behind a more modern vehicle, or the metal in a large, heavy, older car?† This report will explain the Physics behind why Modern vehicles are safer than older cars in a car crash. Impulse - Impulse is the change in momentum, Initial Momentum - Final Momentum or Force x Time. This meansRead MoreCar Accidents and Physics2070 Words   |  9 PagesAmericans are hurt or killed in car accidents. Many factors can play into an accident. Road condition, mechanical failure, driver error, or simply an act of God? Despite the countless reasons for a car accident, one factor is always present, no matter what the case: physics. Every accident that has ever occurred has involved physics. Using references found in the class text, in science journals, and on the Internet, I will prove this to you. Take, for example, two cars traveling in opposite directionsRead More Physics of Car Racing Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper is a look at the physics behind car racing. We look look at how we can use physics to select tires, how physics can help predict how much traction we will have, how physics helps modern cars get there extreme speed, how physics lets us predict the power of an engine, and how physics can even help the driver find the quickest way around the track. Tires are the most important part of race or any car for that mater. (Physics of Racing) After all they are the only thing that is contactRead More The Physics of an Electric Car Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Physics of an Electric Car Cannon returns home from work on an average day. He gets his things and trudges into the house, thinking about the events of the day. He relaxes for the evening, thinking about the good things in life. He is lucky that he has a good job, a nice house, and a nice car. But wait, it feels like he forgot something today. His mind races, did he forget a project at work? He couldn’t have, he works so hard to keep up. Not thinking of what he forgot, Cannon stumblesRead MoreCars involve Physics to Drive533 Words   |  2 PagesA car has many different components that work together to make it move, but how does it speed up and accelerate? How does it turn without falling on its side? What makes the tires stay on the ground? Why does wind slow us down or speed us up? Why does weight matter? These are questions that can be answered with physics. When the gas pedal is pushed the fuel is burnt off in the engine and moves the rear/front axel, which rotates the tires and accelerates the vehicle. There is friction between theRead MoreThe Physics of Car Safety Systems Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesThe Physics behind Car Safety Systems By changing an object’s momentum, we are able to move it either faster or slower, and eventually to a halt, depending on the amount, direction, and magnitude of the force that acts upon the object. By applying this aspect on a car’s safety systems, we are able to either reduce the risks of injuries as the results of a crash, or to avoid a crash completely. It is with this principle that seatbelts, crumple zones, air bags, and braking systems, among other featuresRead MoreEssay about The Physics of Car Collisions2433 Words   |  10 PagesBasic Concepts Issac Newton was the first to state the concepts that are necessary to understanding the physics of collisions. His three laws are used again and again in all the fields of physics: Newtons 1st Law In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion with a constant velocity. This law can be best observed in space, far from the gravity of a star or planet, where there is no friction or air resistance. If, in theRead MoreReport On The Car Engines1498 Words   |  6 PagesCar Engines Jonah Hornum Wilde Lake High School Jonah Hornum Torque Torque of a car is very important to its performance. Torque is the measure of how much force is acting on an object and how that causes the object to rotate. (What is torque). Rotating the wheels of a car is torque and that helps the car get up to speed faster. Many performance cars have very fast 0-60 mph speeds, like the corvette, challenger and exotic cars like the Porsche, Bentley, Ashton Martin etcRead More The Physics of Automobile Accidents Essay examples580 Words   |  3 PagesThe Physics of Automobile Accidents Automobile accidents happen all around us. We see cars in the middle of the road after just rear ending each other. We see cars driving around town with big dents in them. Do you ever stop to wonder how car accidents happen? Physics; that’s how they happen. There are several aspects of physics that apply to automobile accidents. An aspect of physics that is applicable to automobile accidents is kinetic energy. Kinetic energy can be defined as the energyRead MorePhysics : Physics Of Physics1522 Words   |  7 PagesPhysics in Everyday Life Physics is the study of everything that matter and energy effect. Since all objects that take up space have energy, every object in the world is studied by physics. Physics deals a lot with forces, such as normal force, gravitational force, and frictional force. A simple example of these forces is a pen being dropped. The force acting on the pen is the gravitational force. There is no other object under the pen to keep it from falling, so the pen will keep falling until it

Communication Management Free Essays

Sometimes we want to be everything to everyone and most of the times we figure that it is impossible to be perfect in the eyes of family, friends, and especially employers. Many times we questioned and judged the way people in management handled situations or themselves. When a mini crisis hits the office, most managers are simply reacting to the situation and have not worked or prepared on proactive steps to avoid such mini-daily crisis. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The role of managers comes in three flavors, interpersonal, informational and decisional roles. Sometimes with the help of a mentor (s) we can developed all three, but in most cases we find ourselves being good at one or even two, but we are rarely good at all three. Managers that show great skill in the interpersonal role category have the ability to be a liaison between the company and the many contacts outside the company that can help the business grow, become successful or even get out of bankruptcy like in the case of Chrysler. Most of the managers in this category can be seen as a figurehead that simply performs ceremonial duties (James O’Rourke. IV 2013) I honestly have no way to compare this or any type of management style outside my home. I have never been a manager and that would be my greatest weakness in these particular roles. I know that I am capable of representing my family and employer with great pride, as I charter the rough waters and issues, as they come. But, I know that I work hard at planning and being proactive. I am a person that does not let the current crisis take over my life. It takes time to plan and adjust to new situations, and at the end it always pays off to be proactive. If you do prepare for the worse, hoping for the best, you will always be somewhere in the middle and I am good with that. Informational role managers have the ability to collect, analyze and disseminate many kinds of information (James O’Rourke, IV 2013. ) This is who I would consider to be the floor manager. They are constantly moving information among all immediate employees or family member in my case. This would be the manager role I fit into at this point in time within my family group. I am able to the pinpoint the problem and solution to the problem in rder to bring the group together and accomplished our long-term goals. I spend most of the time making sure all parties involved are able to see the issues from another perspective. I can help them reached an agreement on their own without any of the parties feeling as if they did not get what they wanted out of the deal. The last management role is that of the decisional in which the manager finds him or herself determining who gets what resources, how much, when and why (James O’Rourke, IV 2013. ) This manager also act as a negotiator to those with whom he or she deals on a daily basis (James O’Rourke, IV 2013. I think I fit this description well but again with no prior experience it is very hard to determine where you fit or where you do not fit as a manager. I may have some traits or be able to develop others with the help of the right person as my mentor, but as of right now it would be very hard to say what I could do in any specific situation that calls for a hard decision that may impact any other persons career and life in anyway. It is easy to access ones traits and skills at any point in time, but during a crisis our instinct may take or make a different decision than that of what we are on paper. Reference: James S. O’Rourke, IV, Management Communication A Case –Analysis Approach, Pearson How to cite Communication Management, Papers

Intercultural Global Management for Consumerism- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntercultural Global Management Issues for Consumerism. Answer: Introduction: In the face of globalization and consumerism, the impact of internationalization is great on the business process management of the bigger fishes in the market. In most cases expansion is the most important strategy in order to expand the target market continues to sustain in the market for the future. However in the present scenario, the concept of globalization has turned ironical with the massive lack of any intercultural business strategies in place for the most of the business companies. It has to be understood when a particular company needs to overcome the challenges of cross border expansion, a business organization desperately needs a intercultural or global management strategy (Terpstra, Foley Sarathy, 2012). Although, the conception of global or intercultural management has been observed to be quite flawed in the multinational companies. This assignment will reflect upon the article What is a global manager published in the Harvard Business Review, and attempt to explore global management problems faced by two companies and how the challenges can be overcome with strategic actions. Global managers and their challenges: Drawing inference from the article chosen for the assignment, the concept of global management, as discussed by the author in the article, is not limited to just universal business management ideas; rather, global management required in the present age utilizes principles of three different sectors of business management, business process management, host country management and functional management (Nahavandi, 2016). According to Bartlett and Ghoshal, multinational companies that attempt to overcome cross-cultural challenges while trying international expansion need to employ the specialist knowledge of all the above mentioned sub- disciplines of business process management. Elaborating more, it has to be mentioned, that many of the authors have agreed to the argument raised by Barlett and Ghoshal, the perception of global management is in dire need of complete transformation. There is need for recognizing global management as an extension of transnational management that takes into consideration the regional and intercultural differences between the host country and location of expansion. According to the Mendenhall, (2012), cultural ethics play a pivotal role in the business process management in cross-cultural settings, and transnational business management has been discovered to be one of the most advantageous techniques to maintain the key challenges that arise when establishing brand image or brand reputation in a target market that have not been explored by the business company yet. A similar business management problem or concern has arisen in the case study represented in the media article chosen for the assignment; the article features Corning Glass, the company that hired the ex-ambassador as the global management leader for its international division. However, there had been many challenges that have been discovered in the business management procedure as time progressed. The benefits of the recruitment had been in the fact that the ex-ambassador had many connections and allies in the government which can favor the best interests of the company and its expansion plan. However the company soon realized that the decision had not been in par with most of the expansion management needs and requirements of the company and many of the key areas of concern had not been addressed which eventually affected the outcome of the expansion. A very similar example of failed global management decision had been taken by the ITT as discussed in the article, where the managem ent hierarchy opted for a massive educational program to globalize their entire overseas operation management team so that the multinational telecom company can replace its national specialists with the global generalists. The primary strategy behind taking this step had been to include all the external and internal factors associated with the expansion needs and establishment of a brand image in all the sectors, however, the initiative taken to improve the business management had been a complete failure due to the lack of any specialized division devoted for the expansion organization and international management (Ramamurti, 2012). The lack of job role clarity and organization resulted on a massive management problem for the company and its expansion plans. Now the major concern in both the business problems discussed above is the lack of significant global management activities. Elaborating on the role of the global managers it has to be mentioned that, by core definition, there are a few core responsibilities that a global manager must carry out. First and foremost, international strategic management and asset co-ordination is the primary job responsibility of a global manager. In the context of host country management, co-ordination and interlinking between the local market operation and global business goals of the company is also overlooked by the global manger. Lastly, the global managers are also entasked with overseeing the overall functional management of the organization all throughout the different operational centers. However the business problems that had been discussed in the article illustrate the various challenges that arise for the global managers. For instance, it has to be mentioned that in case of cross-cultural expansion, analyzing the corporate cultures of the host country is extremely important, as it discovers the key requirements of the target market in that country. A key challenge that has been considered as one of the most influential factor for the job responsibilities of the global managers is the faulty corporate culture analysis and market need assessment. It has to be mentioned in this context, that with a multitude of operational centers, and a multicultural staff, interpersonal conflict is one of the most inevitable phenomenon. According to Cavusgil et al., (2014), another key challenge in the job responsibilities of a global manager is the disjointed conflict resolution. For a single person as a global manager it is impossible to be present at the nick of time when needed, and hence the conflict issues escalate in the absence of proper global business process management. Decision making is a great responsibility for a global manager, however the distance and time difference between different operational centers, it is extremely difficult for one personnel to keep track of the cultural and linguistic diversities and hence lack of clarity and resulting slow decision making is the last key challenge for a global manager (Deresky, 2017). Global management competencies: As discussed in the article used in the assignment, in order to overcome the business problems that arise in international management, emphasis on three core competencies of global managers is needed. The core competencies of a global manager can be traced back to the responsibilities within three different sectors of business management, functional management, host country management, and production or business process management. A global manager must be capable of overlooking all the elaborate steps of the production and business process carried out by the company (Peng, 2012). For instance, for Corning Glass, international management executive had been an ex-ambassador and had intercultural communicational prowess and government allies in his favor; however he lacked any understanding of the business process carried out in the company. One the other hand, host country management is another of the core competencies of a global management professional, without a clear idea of the c orporate cultural patterns of the host country, it is impossible to develop a stable brand reputation. Considering the functional management competencies, resolving internal conflicts is an extremely important sector of cross-cultural business. There are a multitude of different conflicting issues that can arise, both in between the staff and with the customers or vendors. In such cases, conflict resolution skills are another prerequisite for a global manager to have in is arsenal to ensure that business processes of the organization is being operated smoothly (Okoro, 2012). Global management strategies: Depending on the information that has been represented in the case study, the global management initiatives for both the companies failed and morphed into significant business problems due to the lack of strategic inclusion of all the core competencies of international management. Therefore there is need for robust global management strategies that will incorporate all the core competencies required for international expansion success of a company. First and foremost, production and distribution process management is needed to have clarity and transparency among all the different operational centers. However it also needs to acknowledged that it is absolutely impossible for a single personnel to oversee the business process management in all expansion centers, hence in place for a global manager, there is need for a global management team, complete with a separate business process manager, host country manager and functional manger, led by a international management director or leader guiding the middle management in the entire process (Lasserre, 2012). The next strategy that can be incorporated to overcome global management challenges is a reliable and authentic host country corporate culture evaluation and characterization program by the global management team, and based on the information elicited by this program needs to be taken into account before expansion into a new location. Lastly a monitoring framework for overseeing and controlling the international expansion management initiatives and programs can help in not only making the most of the global management strategies but will also provide data based on which further improvisation of the strategies can be achieved, curated according to the specific needs of the company (Lasserre, 2012). Ethical implications: Considering the ethical implication in the case study, it can be stated that for Corning Glass, the ex-ambassador who had been employed as the international development manager had no clarity about the business management procedure in place in the company, but had appreciable internal government contacts. It cannot be overlooked in this context that global expansion depends on government approval largely, and having connections will undoubtedly help in smoothing out the kinks of the procedure of expansion. However, the ethical implications can be the fact that a global manger with no idea of the strengths and weaknesses of the company and it might bring in opportunities which will not be able to be completed by the organization. Hence, it can be a detrimental effect on the brand reputation and damage the market stability of the organization (Lasserre, 2012). On the other hand, the ITT had a massive decision making error of training their entire staff for global management instead of focusing on a global management team of competent experts. This unethical attempt of the company to force the existing staff to take on the responsibility of global management rather than branching out of the staff into a division designated to just global management actions, eventually resulted into major expansion failures and a considerable impact on staff loyalty and market reputation. It is clear that global management needs to be as close to flawless as possible for the company to gain smooth sailing success in international expansion. However, with proper emphasis on the three core competencies of global management discussed, achieving this goal can be possible. References: Banalieva, E. R., Dhanaraj, C. (2013). Home-region orientation in international expansion strategies.Journal of International Business Studies,44(2), 89-116. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Deresky, H. (2017).International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Kumar, V., Gaur, A. S., Pattnaik, C. (2012). Product diversification and international expansion of business groups.Management International Review,52(2), 175-192. Lasserre, P. (2012).Global strategic management. Palgrave Macmillan. Mendenhall, M. E. (Ed.). (2012).Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Okoro, E. (2012). Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion.International journal of business and management,7(16), 130. Peng, M. W. (2012). The global strategy of emerging multinationals from China.Global Strategy Journal,2(2), 97-107. Ramamurti, R. (2012). What is really different about emerging market multinationals?.Global Strategy Journal,2(1), 41-47. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International marketing. Naper Press. What Is a Global Manager?. (2017).Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 1 November 2017, from https://hbr.org/2003/08/what-is-a-global-manager

A People Essays

A People Essays A People Essays October 13, 2014 A People’s History of the United States: Chapter 4 The fourth chapter of â€Å"A People’s History of the United States† is about how Britain started to become more aggressive towards the American colonies in order to tighten their loosening grip they had on the colonies. The colonies were supplying their mother country with raw materials needed in order to produce goods to send back to the colonies, benefitting the mother country. The colonists began to get tired of the on ­going monopoly with Britain and tried cutting ties all together by rebelling against Britain. To lead these rebellions, the founding fathers led groups prioritized on the hate and opposition of British ruling. The colonies had longed for an independent, self ­government, completely detached from British power. As in any place, wealth was not distributed evenly throughout the colonies causing more problems than it was probably worth. The separation between the classes throughout t he colonies led to an unequal balance between the rich and poor. The struggle for unity in the colonies was just another spark leading up to the revolution. The basic point of Zinn’s argument is â€Å"tyranny is tyranny†. He argues the American Revolution was one substitution for tyranny after another. He states the founding fathers were just as greedy and malicious as the king of England was. Zinn states the founding fathers were able to, â€Å"take over land, profits, and political power from favorites of the British Empire. In the process, they could hold back a number of potential rebellions and create a consensus of popular support for the rule of a new, privileged leadership†. The founding fathers wanted to keep the lower class suppressed as much as the king did. Zinn points out prior to the revolution, there was a great deal of anger and resentment already existing between the upper and lower classes of the colonies. However, in the time leadin g up to the revolution, the colonial â€Å"elite† had managed

Make Potassium Nitrate From Lite Salt and a Cold Pack

Make Potassium Nitrate From Lite Salt and a Cold Pack Make potassium nitrate (saltpeter) from common household ingredients. Potassium chloride from salt substitute  and ammonium nitrate from a cold pack are reacted to yield potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride. This is an easy way to make your own potassium chloride if you cant find it in a store or just want to try a fun chemistry experiment. Potassium Nitrate Ingredients 40 g ammonium nitrate (from an instant cold pack which has ammonium nitrate listed as its ingredient)37 g potassium chloride (sold as a salt substitute, with potassium chloride listed as the only ingredient)100 ml water You should be able to find the ingredients at a grocery store or general store. Cold packs that work using ammonium nitrate contain two pouches. One is filled with water, while the other contains solid ammonium nitrate. Potassium chloride is a common salt substitute, used by people trying to cut their sodium intake. Its sold with table salt and other spices. While its fine if there is an anti-caking chemical, youll want to avoid lite salt containing both potassium chloride and sodium chloride because youll end up with a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate from the chemical reaction. The Chemical Reaction Aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride are reacted to exchange the ions and form potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride. The ammonium chloride is much more soluble in water than the potassium nitrate, so you will get potassium nitrate crystals, which can be separated from the ammonium chloride solution. The chemical equation for the reaction is: NH4NO3 KCl → KNO3 NH4Cl Make Potassium Nitrate Dissolve 40 g of ammonium nitrate into 100 ml of water.Filter the solution through a coffee filter to remove any undissolved material.Heat the solution with 37 g potassium chloride to dissolve the lite salt. Do not boil the solution.Filter the solution and either set it in the freezer to chill or else put it in an ice bath so you can observe the crystallization of the potassium nitrate.Pour off the ammonium chloride solution, leaving the potassium nitrate crystals. You can recover the ammonium chloride, too, if you like.Once the potassium nitrate crystals are dry, you can use them for chemistry experiments. The resulting potassium nitrate does contain impurities, but it will work fine for pyrotechnics projects and other experiments described on this site. Examples of Potassium Nitrate Science Projects Perhaps the simplest project you can perform with potassium nitrate is producing purple fire. The purple color results from the excitation of the potassium ion. You could also mix potassium nitrate with alcohol to make a colored fire spray bottle.Potassium nitrate is a key ingredient in a homemade storm glass, which produces crystals in response to atmospheric conditions.Mix potassium nitrate with sugar to make a homemade smoke bomb.Coat paper with a mixture of potassium nitrate and water, let it dry, and apply a match to write a message using fire.Potassium nitrate is used to make black powder.

Teen Pregnancy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teen Pregnancy - Research Paper Example At least 60% of the children born to adolescent mothers are due to unwanted pregnancies (Mary et al 2001). In today’s society teen pregnancy is growing at an alarming rate even though the overall percentage of teen pregnancy is lower the question that arises is it still a huge problem that needs to be addressed immediately? For many countries teenage pregnancy is not a significant issue. For them it’s just a minor concern. Some even think that if children at an adolescence age do get involved in pregnancy matters it can be tackled. Is it so? People fail to comprehend the negative impact such matters bring to the community. Teenage pregnancy remains an issue for society at large although abstinence and the use of contraceptives is taught but still to no avail. Adolescent childbearing brings about negative impact on the teenager, the infant, teenagers parents and to the community. Very less option for future are left for the girls who become pregnant during their teen age. Lack of good education is one of the prime causes of teenage pregnancy. Being deterministic and effective firmly decides the goals one sets for himself/herself along with how much effort they put in and how long they strive despite the barriers they face. Not to forget the effort to recover in case if they lose. Students with no deterministic or effective approach tend to fall for such activities. An adolescent boy or a girl who are acquiring high educational goals are very rarely become teenage parents. Also parents who have high educational expectations from their teenage children make sure that their teens never get involved in such activities. The lack of care, family support, love, loyalty and importance pushes children to look for these feelings in someone else. Children from broken home (parents separated or divorced) or those children who have been

International transport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International transport - Essay Example car and bus travel) make estimating the demand for transportation facilities difficult (Wikipedia 2007). This can also reflect on the essential characteristics of the development of models which are to be utilized in estimations of consumer behavior in case of predicting the likely choices between the many non-similar goods available in the market involved in the industry. Daniel McFadden was awarded a Nobel Prize for his work in the development of an important branch of econometrics. Taking into account this marked difference in the general structure of this industry, subtle modifications of existing definitions, for the terms forming the basis of an economics oriented perspective are in order. For instance, the demand can be measured in terms of the number of journeys made or in total distance traveled. This type of an approach also results in an ambiguity, since the demand will vary as the points between which the journeys are undertaken are considered. However, for all practical issues, this will be sufficient. The units of measurement may be ‘passenger-kilometer for public transport or vehicle-kilometer of travel for private transport’ (Wikipedia 2007). Supply on the other hand may be calculated from the capacity of the various supply channels (modes of transport). The price of the goods is measured by the cost of travel, which includes money spent as well as the time expenditure. Here too, the details pertaining to the two points between which travel is carried out, i.e., the departure point and the destination is neglected, or generalized for uniformity. The study undertaken here takes into account the cases of two noted transport industries. The first is one of the most widely noted success stories in the history of the transport industry in recent times. The Indian Railway is the largest commercial employer in the world, having an

USGS Bird Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

USGS Bird Population - Essay Example Indeed, it found as far north as Alaska on the west coast as well as New England on the east coast and as far south as Mexico and the Bahamas. It is also found in eastern Canada, in Great Britain, and Ireland. Its ability to survive on a variety of diets, which include fish, amphibians and crustaceans, also indicate that the Double Crested Cormorant is a generalist. The Great Blue Heron is also a generalist/opportunistic species. This species is found not only in freshwater and saltwater habitats but also in mangrove swamps, flooded meadows, lake edges as well as along the shoreline. Indeed, it thrives in almost every part of North America, from Alaska and southern Canada in the North to Florida, Mexico and the Caribbean in the south. It is also found in South America, Greenland and England (Elliott, del Hoyo, Sargatal, & Imboden, 1992). Though the primary food of the Great Blue Heron is fish, it opportunistically feed on a variety of aquatic organisms such as shrimp, crabs, insects, rodents, amphibians, reptiles and other smaller birds. The Wood Stork is an example of a specialist given that it is found in limited habitat mainly tropical and subtropical climates of South America, Central America and the Caribbean. It is also found in subtropical climates of the United States such as in the States of Florida, Georgia and South Carolina where they live on cypress trees in marshes and swamps (Ehrlich, Dobkin, & Wheye, 1992). The Wood Stork, which is an endangered species (Ehrlich, Dobkin, & Wheye, 1992), preys on a limited variety of aquatic organisms that include fish, frogs and large insects. The America Robin is indeed a generalist that is found in almost all parts of North America, from Alaska and Canada in the North to Florida and Mexico in the south (The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 2011). Thus is can survive in different types of environments though its habitat is mainly woodland. It is also found in the Caribbean, Greenland, and in

Marketing strategy for Swatch Original watches in Vietnam

Marketing strategy for Swatch Original watches in Vietnam Statement of purpose Swatch (Swiss + watch) is a famous brand of the Swatch Group. In Vietnam, one of the main product lines of Swatch is the Original family which targets the young Vietnamese (aged, 18-25). In recent years, the brand faces not only fierce competition but also new opportunities. Thus, this report aims to introduce an approach for Swatch to increase the brand identity, sales volume and maintain customer loyalty in Vietnam market. Wrist watches industry in Vietnam: Back ground: Due to the limitation of available data, it is difficult to account the numbers of wrist watch brands in Vietnam market. However, according to an informal source, it is believed that there are about 400 brands have been recorded. They are classified to eight levels (website): Mass market Mid-end market US$150 -300 Premium market US$1.000 10.000 Low market US$10 50 Upper mid-end market US$300 -500 Super premium market >US$10.000 Lower mid-end market US$50-150 High-end market US$ 500 1.000 Focus segment: (US$50 -150) Currently, Swatch Original watches address in lower mid-end level, with the pricing vary from US$60 -80 (website) Players in lower mid-end market include: Casio, Endura, Guess, Ogival, Seiko, Swatch, Titan, Roamer, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. However, Casio is the main competitor of Swatch because these firms target the same segment, the young Vietnamese with extrovert lifestyle. Company and products: Swatch Swath is one of 19 brands which belong to the Swatch Group. This brand is famous for watches that utilising plastic housing, strap, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. with fresh and cool designs. Mission statement: Though Swatch hasnt announced its mission statement, it is believed that the brand implicit mission is to offer low cost, high quality and accurate watch with synthetic material (website) Products: Swatch has 5 product lines named: Skin, Irony, Original, Beat, Bijoux, in which the Original family is designed as youthful, witty and colourful. Distribution: Swatch watches are distributed in Vietnam mostly through Trading Development Company Limited (TDC Ltd.), the authorised distributor of Swatch. Following that, TDC Ltd. utilises 6 retail outlets (shop-in-shops, stores) and its website to deliver watches to customers (website). However, the website of the dealer is poor developed. The website provides poor contents in meager format. There are little details of Swatch watches specifications and the prices of most of the products are unavailable to check. Casio Casio Company Co. Ltd. is a famous company in consumer electronics field. Casio watches are designed as both digital and analogue watches. Mission statement: Casio Watches believe the beauty of time lies in precision with no compromise, no shades of grey and no half measures. Its all about accuracy and control (http://www.thewatchhut.co.uk/casio-watches.htm). Products: Casio has 13 different brands that target different segment. Among these, Casio Standard is competitor of Swatch Original. Casio Standard: This is the basic range of Casio watches. The concepts behind Standard are digital watches that are durable, long lifetime battery and affordable price. Casio standard target low to lower mid-end market with the pricing vary from US$35 -80 (website) In overall, regarding added functions, durability and battery lifetime, Casio watches are more competitive against Swatch (figure). Situation analysis: Internal environment analysis: Tangible resources: The Swatch Group is the world largest watchmaker corporation. Belonging to the Group, there are 156 production centers which are in charge of producing watches and watch components (website). Furthermore, there are 6 electric components and systems companies(website) which take response for manufacturing automotive, industrial electronics. Together, these firms form a system of interrelated values chains, so each parts of Swatch watches are produced with high compatibility and high quality. On the other hand, the Swatch Group has 6 general corporate companies (website) which specialise in RD, designing, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Thus, Swatch watches are likely to be updated with the latest technologies and designs. Intangible resources: Considering branding, it is one of the most valuable assets of the Swatch Group. Firstly, the Swatch brand is well known in many places worldwide. Secondly, there is a solid reputation for the brand as Swiss made watches and cool design watches. Unique selling proposition: Overall the corporations intangible and tangible assets contribute to three exclusive points: The brand reputation for quality and creative designs Ability to produce a vast array of different watch collections Ability to develop and implement new technologies and new materials in watches External environment analysis: Political: Vietnam is a country which follows one-party political system, with the central role of the Communist Party. This entity is believed to put an end to a long time of internal conflicts and generally conductive to political stability. However, regarding wrist watch businesses, there is little support from the government, the tariff on imported watches is relatively high (20% imported tax) compares to other nations (5% imported tax in Philippine) (website). Economic: Over the last decade, Vietnam is one of the best performing economies in the world. Real GDP has grown on average by 7.3 percent per year during 1995-2005, reached 90.64 billions US$ in 2008. In 2010, GDP of the first nine months is predicted to increase by 6.52% as compared to the same period last year (Vietnam key country index WB). Considering the GNI per capita, it rose double from US$ 390 in 2000 to US$ 910 in 2008 (Worldbank). As the economy continues to grow, Vietnam has moved from poorest country list to lower-middle income group in 2010, with average income per capita reached an estimated US$ 1.200. (Ministry of planning and industry) Consumer Confident Index of Vietnam remains in the top score groups (14th out of 50) in the first half 2009 (figure). Likewise, Vietnamese customers showed a great optimistic about future prospect, with the trend went upward from 85 points in the first half 2009 to 109 points in the second half of the same year (figure). Thus, it is confident to say that Vietnamese will spend more in the next year. Overall, it is believed that Vietnam economic is still growing briskly in 2011 and customers are more willing to purchase luxury products as they are becoming wealthier. Thus, there are relatively high potential for wrist watch demand in the next year. Social: Population Vietnam is one of the largest population countries in the world (ranks 13), with the composition of population reached 87,279,754 in 2009 (Worldbank). Among that, 20% of the total population is at age 15-24 in which there are approximately 1.45 million males in Ha Noi city and Ho Chi Minh (Nielsen). The number of young females is roughly equal to young males. Lifestyle: Vietnamese youngsters (aged, 15-24) are identified in three categories: Regular (48%), In-betweens (27%) and Uber modern (23%) (Nielsen). Regular group is limited in social activity and traditional values whereas the Uber modern is more individual and has high demand for social and consumer activity. On the other hand, the in-betweens embody a combination of the Regulars daily routine and Uber moderns mind set. Thus, there is a large gap between how the three youngster groups prefer products features. Regular: they are conservative buyers who look for established brand watch. They prefer durability, products functions and value over cost. In betweens: they are trendy and fun loving who look for similar values as the Uber modern, however, their consumer activity is comparatively lower. Uber modern: they are extrovert, enthusiastic who look for cool watches which can reflect their style. They are also impulse buyers. Approaches to the young Vietnamese: (see more detail in appendix B) The main points that Swatch should consider are: High quality products Creative designs watches Innovative marketing campaigns Technology: Currently, the most remarkable technology trend in Vietnam is communication technology. It is estimated that by the end of September 2010, there was 142.1 million of cellular phone subscribers. On the other hand, in 2010, the numbers of internet users was 26.6 million (Ministry of planning). Among the composition of internet users, a large part is young Vietnamese. It is reported that 88% of aged 15-24 Vietnamese (in HN and HCM) uses internet more than once a day. Moreover, Vietnamese youth show great fascinated to cyber activities, with 49% of those surveyed by TNS Vietnam had responded that they engaged in social networking (TNS). On the other hand, a lot of Vietnamese youngsters are also TV user, as the research of TNS pointed out that one of teens main activities is watching TV and movie (TNS). In conclusion, TV and internet are very potential communication channels to approach Vietnamese young generation. However, telephones pose a deliberate threat to wrist watches as they are designed with clock capabilities as well. SWOT analysis: Strengths: Swatch watches value perceived is very high among young customers For a long time, Swiss watchmakers have built for their watches a solid reputation of quality and reliability which have been experienced by numerous Vietnamese. Through mostly word of mouth, young Vietnamese have been profoundly influenced by this perception. The creative and artistic appearances The Swatch watches of the Original family have long been favored for its design. Bering simply characterized by plastic housing and trap, those products can come up in vast array of different styles from the fresh and wittiness of Gent to the dandy and femininity of Lady. Weaknesses: Electronic commercial website is poorly developed It is believe that the distributors website with regards to a bridge connects customers and the firm is not well designed. The website provides poor contents in meager format. There are little details of Swatch watches specifications and the prices of most of the products are unavailable. By contract, the results for keywords such as Swatch Vietnam, dai ly Swatch give 242.000 addresses; however, the authorised dealers website is not among the top results. Thus, this is very inconvenience for customers to find the website. Few added values A part from branding and designing, there is few added values from Swatch watches as compare to competitors products. In terms of additional functions, durability and battery lifetime, Casio watches are move competitive over Swatch. Threats: Threats from competitors (High) A major threat which Swatch has to confront is the fierce competition of rivalry brands such as Casio G-shock, Casio Standard, Tommy Hilfiger and so on. Especially Casio Vietnam, this firm has built a wide and large distribution network, with roughly 36 stores in HCM and about 6 stores in HN. Threats from replica watches (Low) On the other hand, counterfeits of branded watches also pose an implicit risk. Firstly, they are cheap. Spending about US$25 US$75, people can have a replica of luxury watch which is difficult to be detected just by judging its appearance. Secondly, replica watches are selling in many places and in the internet without being banned by the government. Threats from substitute (Medium) The large number of mobile phones used in Vietnam is another threat to Swatch. However, mobile phones are vulnerable to water and their batteries are not last for long and must be charged daily. Threats from governments policy (Medium) Finally, the high imported tax on watches of Vietnam government increases the costs of the Swatch distributor and adds higher VAT to the end customers. Consequently, the profit margin for the dealer goes down while the retail prices rise up. Opportunities: The increasing Vietnamese household income There is a bright prospect for Swatch watches as Vietnam economic is growing relatively fast. There is an estimated 77% in HN households and 67.5% in HCM achieved middle income rank and above (Nielsen). Hence, increasing income can boost up the demand for quality wrist watches. The increasing of young population Secondly, there is a population of 3 million of urban Vietnamese who are at age 18-24 (Statistical yearbook). They are currently demographic targets of Swatch Vietnam and a vast major of them have not been converted to customers. Furthermore, it is estimated that in the next 1-3 years, there will be roughly 1.5 million young Vietnamese enter the target market (Statistical Yearbook). Marketing strategy for Swatch in Vietnam market: Poster generic strategies, the Differentiation strategy will be implemented for Swatch in Vietnam. This strategy will be designed to differentiate Swatch and the competitors, then conductive to the raising of the brand awareness. Furthermore, the strategy is also expected to boost up sales volume in the targeted markets. Overall, the marketing strategy will aim to emphasize strong points of Swatch watches that are the Swiss made reputation and cool designs. Segmentation and targeting: Segmentation: Variable Typical breakdowns Geographic North Vietnam Ha Noi Middle Vietnam Da Nang South Vietnam Ho Chi Minh, Can Tho Demographic Gender Male Female Age 0-10 10-14 14-17 18-25 26-35 36-49 50-64 65+ Psychology Life style Regular In-betweens Uber Modern Targeting: Regarding geographic variable, there are five key cities in Vietnam (Nielsen). However, only HN and HCM can be targeted markets. First of all, there are considerable high expenses to open a Swiss wrist watch store due to high stocking costs, renting and interest rate. On the other hand, Swatch should invest more in HN and HCM market in order to achieve sustainability and profitability. Males and females at age 15-25 will be the target group of the firm. Because the designs of the Swatch Original are shaped as youthful, witty and colourful, which are symbol of youth. Following that, the choice market is narrowed down to 50% of the young Vietnamese who are fashion seekers (In-betweens and Uber modern group). Positioning: In order to incorporate with the differentiation strategy, Swatch Original watches will be positioned based on its two main advantages: Swiss made quality and youthful design. On the other hand, the Original watches have higher value as compare to Casio Standard in overall (figure). Hence, the products should be positioned as more value more price. Objectives: Marketing objectives: Increase brand awareness in HN and HCM market by 20% by the end of 2011 Financial objectives: Increase sales volume by 15% by the end of 2011 Marketing programmes: Marketing mix Product policy: The product choice is the Original family which embody for youthful, artistic and outlandish. New designs should be developed regularly and new collections must be released each year because the young Vietnamese are well updated to the new trends of global youngsters Regarding quality, it is vital that Swatch watches must satisfy the customers expectation of the products. Basically, the watches have to be water-resistant (up to 100 feet) and durable enough to take certain levels of impact without being scratched or broken. Additionally, packaging should also be designed artistically in order to contribute to the brand image and satisfy customers expectation. Place policy: Push strategy In short-term, Swatch watches are distributed mainly through the authorised dealers retail outlets and its website. In long-term, as the Vietnam market grows mature, Swatch manufacturer should consider open Swatch stores which are decorated in artistic style and sell only Swatch watches. These selling entities will polish the brand image and become a channel to communicate the firms campaigns to customers. Furthermore, new Swatch stores should be opened in other cities which have high household income such as Hai Phong, Can Tho and Da Nang, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. However, these stores are required to locate in good location and well decorated. Pull strategy To adapt with customers expectation and to retain their loyalty, a pull strategy must be implemented in which customers can order their favourite watches through the authorised distributor, who in turn asks the Swatch manufacturer for those products. Regarding an important source of Swatch watches information, the website of TDC Ltd. should be improved. Actions that the firm should take are re-designing and working with a SEO (Search Engine Optimization) agency. These steps aim at raising the websites attractiveness and improving its accessibility. By contract, information about pricing, watches specification and new collections must also be updated regularly. Pricing policy: Pricing from the Swatch manufacturer to the distributor A cost-based value approach should be employed by Swatch manufacturer. The pricing to the wholesaler is set by taking total production costs plus desired margin. Thus, a fair price can be offered to the distributor. Furthermore, as businessmen are very price conscious, the firm should also leverage them by price promotion. Pricing from the distributor to customers Value-based pricing policy should be employed for Swatch watches. As Swatch watches quality and designs are highly evaluated. Hence, the price should not be low; otherwise, it may confuse customers about the watches value. On the other hand, the pricing also reflect the value of Swatch watches against Casio Standard. So the products price should ranged from US$60- US$80 On the other hand, a pricing relation policy should also be implemented. For customers who have purchased more than three watches, they will receive a loyalty card which offer 15% discount for next purchases. This policy is not only aim to incentive customers but also build a firm footing for Swatch community in Vietnam in future. Promotion policy: A promotion policy is built to retain customer loyalty and leverage them to re-purchase Swatchs watches. Two types of sales promotion that will be applied are loyalty card and free gift giving on special occasions. Marketing communication mix: In order to achieve to the firms objectives in 2011, it is vital that Swatch must employ different media channels to reach its targeted customers. Three approaches that will be applied are advertising, public relations and sales promotion. These media channels are not only being utilised to convey the brand message and image but also to introduce a fashion trend to young Vietnamese. Finally, product features such as quality and designs must be emphasised in the media message. Advertising: (see detail in appendix C) Advertising on magazines and newspapers for youth Advertising in social media such as Facebook, Twitter, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Advertising in internet media Advertising in TVs Public relations: (see detail in appendix C) Holding flash mob events Sales promotion Where as advertising and public relations are implemented to increase Swatch watches awareness and sales volume. The promotion approach is used to retain customer. Two types of sale promotion are loyalty program and free gift offering. With loyalty card promotion, customers will be given a special ticket for each time they purchase a Swatch watch. Following that, they will get a discount card for 3 tickets that they collected. On the other hand, on special events like Vietnamese New Year Event or Christ Mast, a free gift will be giving to customers associating with the watch they buy. Conclusion: Because of Vietnamese average income is rising, it is believed that the demand for wrist watch will grow higher in next years. Hence, Swatch should invest more in RD, distribution and communication channels to not only increasing revenues but also to capture more market share. Appendix Appendix A Figures Figure 1 Vietnam quarterly GDP growth Source: Taking stock 2010 An update on recent Vietnam economic development Figure 2.1 1H Nielsen Consumer Confident Index (Source: Nielsen Global Online Survey Consumer Confidence, March 2009) Figure 2.2 _ 2006-2009 Consumer Confidence Index: Vietnam Source: Nielsen 2H 2009 Global Omnibus Study, September 2009 Reasons for favourite brand of Vietnamese youth 59% Top quality 39% Innovative, ground breaking 38% Well designed, easy to use 34% Affordable, good value of money 27% Great marketing and advertising Figure 3 Reasons for favourite brand of Vietnamese youth Source: TNS Vietnams shifting consumer landscape Swatch Original Product attributes Casio Standard 3 Materials 3 3 Lifetime battery 4 5 Cool design 3 3 Durable (water-proof, shock-proof, scratch-proof) 4 5 Reputable brand 4 4 Precision 4 3 Additional functions 4 Very low Low Normal High Very high 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 4 Value assessing between Swatch Original and Casio Standard This figure is designed based on my estimation from available data in http://store.swatch.com/ and http://www.casio-intl.com/wat/g_shock/standard.html Vietnamese youth top sources to get news and information Television 84% Internet 58% Magazines and newspapers 24% Word of mouth 13% Figure 5 Young Vietnamese sources of information Source: TNS Vietnams shifting consumer landscape Figure 6 Vietnamese youths digital life Source: TNS Vietnams shifting consumer landscape Figure 7 Vietnamese youths attitude toward brand interaction on-line Source: TNS Vietnams shifting consumer landscape Appendix B Approaches to Vietnamese youth The FCB matrix was invented by Foot, Cone Belding Advertising. The matrix is applied to explain customer buying behaviour and present approaches for media strategy. There are two directions in the FCB Grid: product involvement (high low) and product emotion (thinking feeling). Thinking Feeling High involvement Swatch Original watches Expensive products but decision making is driven by emotion Low involvement It is believed that a majority part of young Vietnamese who aged 15-25 spending a lot of their time for study and having little time for working. As a result, their financial availability is mostly depended on their parents. Which this in mind, wrist watches which cost them US$ 60- 80 will be considered as expensive products. Thus, Swatch watches are classified as high involvement products. On the other hand, Swatch watches are fashion accessories which youngsters can use them to express their style, make them feel cool and fresh. Thus, Swatch watches involve high emotional responses. Regarding reasons for favourite brand (figure 3), it is clear that products quality, designs have significant impacts on Vietnamese youth by 59%, 39% respondents respectively. In contract, these elements engage high emotional responses as they are mostly based on customers perceived value. Hence, quality, designs should be focus points in Swatch media campaigns. In conclusion, FCB Grid suggests that Swatch advertising campaigns should be creative and inspire customers by psychological benefits. Appendix C Communication mix choice Advertising: Advertising on magazines and newspapers for youth Newspapers and magazines is the number three source of information and news to young Vietnamese (figure 5). They use this channel to pull out information of various aspects which they concern include entertainment, fashion trends, news and so on. Thus, it is confident to say that printed media can deliver the brand image and message to a majority of Vietnamese youth. Advertising in social media This approach is absolute must in order to reach the targeted groups. Social networking is a new trend in Vietnam, with half of the online youngster engages in (figure 6). The advantage of this media channel is that information can be spread and shared quickly and widely as internet users are keen in communicating with others. On the other hand, young Vietnamese also pose a positive attitude toward brand interaction on-line. They accept to interact with the brands in many activities from e-mail to news and social (figure 7). Thus, a Swatch community can be built to provide not only information about the products but also to offer promotions and provide a fan space. Furthermore, through social networking, global contests of Swatch (CreArt, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..) can be introduced to Vietnamese. Famous cyber communities include: Facebook, Twitter and Youtube. Advertising in internet media Internet magazines or information portals for youth are viable mediums for Swatch. They are Vietnamese youngster favourite sources of information in which they rank number two among the others (figure 5). The advantage of this media include: low costs, wide market coverage. Popular websites include: www.hihihehe.com, www.kenh14.vn, www.hoahoctro.vn, www.zing.vn Advertising in TVs TV media should be considered as a channel to reach customer. It is reported that television is the youngsters number one source of news and information. Its advantages are wide reach (% of targeted customers who watch the advertisement) and high frequency (number if time each customer watches the advertisement). Hence, TV advertising can highly increase the brand awareness among young customers. However, there are relatively high costs (costs to produce television commercials and costs for booking TV channels) in utilising this medium. However, it is notable that the advertisements should be creative in order to impress the young audiences. Furthermore, advertisement must be launched at an effective frequency to maximise the effect while spending reasonable budgets. Public relations: Holding special events is an indirect way to advertise for the products to the targeted customers. Alternatively, TDC limited can also give aid to events that are attractive to young customers. It is noticed that special events must be creative and bring joyful to audiences. Consequently, the products image is expected to be benefited from word of mouth and news on magazines. Holding flash mob events Recently, there is a new trend of the youngsters, flash mob event. It is recorded that three big events (with over 1200 participants) and a lot of small ones has taken place in HN and HCM in 2010. Thus, TDC limited can contact with key members of flash mob groups to offer them sponsorship. In return, these members will indirectly promote for Swatch watches and influence the preference of the other event participants.

Learning Disabilities Essay -- Education Papers

Learning Disabilities Approximately 10 percent of the adult population have learning disabilities. Learning disabilities also affect about 5 to 10 percent of school-age children. Most disabilities occur in math, spelling, reading comprehension, oral expression, and written language. The most common learning disabilities are in reading. Children with learning disabilities also have problems with attention, memory, and behavioral problems as a result of frustration. The term "learning disabilities" covers a combination of possible causes, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. What is a learning disability? With at least twelve definitions that appear in professional literature, there is no exact definition. Most experts agree that the learning disabled have difficulties with academic achievement and progress and that discrepancies exist between a person's potential for learning and what he actually learns. Learning problems are not due to environmental disadvantages, mental retardation, or emotional disturbance. The learning disabled also show an uneven pattern of language, physical, academic, or perceptual development. A learning disability is a disorder, which affects people's abilities to interpret what they see and hear or to link information from different parts of the brain. The regulations for Public Law (PL) 101-476, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) define a learning disability as a "disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using spoken or written language, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations." ... ...gging. The parents need to be a model for their child because children often look up to their parents. The parent is very important to the child's success. Learning disabilities affect six million adults according to The Foundation for Children With Learning Disabilities. That number will only increase as the population grows. Therefore, it is extremely important that learning disabilities are recognized in childhood. Once a child is actually diagnosed, the school and family can work together for the child. Then improvements can be made in the child's work and ability. Sources The ABC's of LD and ADD. LD Online. *http://www.ldonline.org/abc_info/articles-info.html About Learning Disorders. CDI Page. *http://www.cdipage.com/learning_disabilties.shtml Folse, Rene Thomas. Learning Disabilities. *http://www.childpsychologist.com/ld/learning.html

Save Ganga Movement

Save Ganga Movement Save Ganga Movement is a widespread Gandhian non-violent movement supported by saints and popular social activists across the Indian States Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in support of a free Ganga. The movement is supported by Ganga Seva Abhiyanam, Pune-based National Women's Organisation (NWO) besides those of many other like-minded organizations and with the moral support from many religious leaders, spiritual and political, scientists, environmentalists, writers and social activists.Ganga Calling – Save Ganga is another such campaign supported by Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action (ICELA) Ganges is the largest and the most sacred river of India with enormous spiritual, cultural, and physical influence. It provides water to about 40% of India's population in 11 states. It is estimated that the livelihoods of over 500 million people in India are dependant upon the river, and that one-third of India's population lives within the Ganges Basin.Despite this magn itude of influence and control by the river over present and future of the country, it is allegedly under direct threat from various man made and natural environmental issues. Pollution River Ganges flows through the most densely populated regions of India passing 29 cities with population over 100,000, 23 cities with population between 50,000 and 100,000, and about 48 towns. A sizable proportion of the effluents in Ganges are caused by this population through domestic usage like bathing, laundry and public defecation.Countless tanneries, chemical plants, textile mills, distilleries, slaughterhouses, and hospitals contribute to the pollution of the Ganges by dumping untreated toxic and non-biodegradable waste into it. It is this sheer volume of pollutants released into the river every day that are causing irreparable damage to the ecosystem and contributing to significant sanitation issues. Dams Built in 1854 during the British colonization of India, the Haridwar dam has led to deca y of the Ganges by greatly diminishing the flow of the river.The Farakka Barrage was built originally to divert fresh water into the Bhagirathi River but has since caused an increase of salinity in the Ganges, having a damaging effect on the ground water and soil along the river. [4] Apart from this, Bangladesh and India faced major tensions due to this barrage. The government of India planned about 300 dams on the Ganges in the near future and the tributaries despite a government-commissioned green panel report that has recommended scrapping 34 of the dams citing environmental concerns.

cis319 essays

cis319 essays 1. Individual Paper (Monday due at Midnight PST): Prepare a 3-4 page report (350 words per page) in APA format discussing the following topics/sub-topics and analyzing their use. Post a single report in the Assignments Newsgroup even if the assignment contains multiple parts. To formulate your essays, focus on examples you learned about Information Systems at work, class lectures and discussions, external research, and weekly articles as appropriate. Synthesize! Provide at least one reference source. Review the "Little Brown Book" to ensure you understand APA style writing. References are required for each paper. Accuracy of data input is important. What method of data input would be best for each of the following situations and explain why: a. Printed questionnaires - Keyboard Convenience and quality of output are important. Explain what method of output would be best for each of the following situations and explain why: b. Color photograph photo quality printer c. Resume Laser printer should be scannable f. Company annual report High quality Letter printer prorfessional printing * Explain the difference between primary storage and secondary storage. Primary storage (per the text): "Input data is stored in primary storage (memory) after it is received from an input device, and output data is stored in primary storage before it is sent to an output device. Data from secondary storage and programs that are executing are also stored in primary storage. It is important that a computer used in an information system have adequate primary storage so that it can store the data and program instructions needed for current processing. Without enough primary storage, it may not be possible to execute certain programs or use certain data." When the computer is turned off, this information is gone (it is volatile). Secondary storage (per the text): "Data and programs that are not being pro...

Company analysis Duoyuan Printing Inc.

Company analysis Duoyuan Printing Inc. Duoyuan Printing inc. is a corporation based in China with its headquarters in Beijing. It deals in production of offset printing equipments. At the moment it stands as the biggest company that is privately owned and deals with offset printing equipment production in China.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Company analysis: Duoyuan Printing Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also has two other establishment factories in Langfang and Hunan. The company combines the low cost of production in China with great technical innovation to sell its range of products cheaply compared to the same products produced in the western countries. The company has an established distribution network with coordinated efforts towards the market. To expand their brand name in the market, the company participates a lot in trade shows for industries and holding seminars. It also offers free training to customers who show interes t in their products. This has enabled the company to maintain its network of business for a long time. Duoyuan Printing inc. has a better advantage over its small competitors since it is the leading company in this field. It has a monopoly control of the market since it has the resources to advance research in the technology of offset printing equipment. With this in mind it can roll out a new product or a more improved product very fast. Coupling this with the fact that it controls the market, it is able to streamline the efforts made over the market. It has systems in place to control its sales and collection and its payments. The main focus of the company, Duoyuan Printing inc., is on its customers and staying ahead in the market. This has enabled the company to reach great success and profitability over the previous two fiscal years. Duoyuan Printing inc. has also maintained production of quality offset printing equipments making their customers satisfied and wanting to continue dealing with them. With each product comes a one year warranty where they also provide training support for operating the equipments. Besides this, the warranty covers repairs that are genuinely a result of the equipment malfunctioning.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Looking at the origin of the company, it traces back in 1994. This was when the company began small with just one product, a format offset press that is singled colored. It has now moved from that humble beginning to having a range of wonderful products. Their products include: Single Color Small Format Press, singled colored large format press, multicolored small format press, and lastly multicolored large format press. Besides this the company has future plans to begin making post press products. This involves making a paper machine that can actually corrugate a strong printing paper such as cardboard paper. It has also grown from having one production plant to two production plant in strategic locations of China. The other two production plants are located in Langfang and Hunan. In 2006, it merged with a Wyoming co and in 2009 it got listed in the New York Stock Exchange and managed to raise over 40 million dollars. An overview of the corporate itself shows that the company has been making good profit since 2004. Their growth in terms of revenue has been on the increase steadily for the last 5 years. In the fiscal year of 2004, its overall revenue stood at approximately 13 million dollars and by 2007 its revenue had shot to approximately 50 million dollars. The main reason for this overwhelming growth in revenue can be attributed to one of its range of products that has found use in the current market. This product is the multicolored large format press. This growth is still continuing at the moment since as stated earlier, the company has risen above its national c ompetitors in China which are owned by the government. The company moved their focus to selling products of higher margins. One of these products that the company produces is the multicolored large format press. Over recent past this product has shot up in terms of pricing. This increase is attributed to the labor cost of production since to produce the equipment; the company spends an increased amount to pay the workers. Producing the product requires laborers who are highly skilled implying that more money will be used to pay them. Even with this increase marginal cost, the company has still been able to stay above its competitors.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Company analysis: Duoyuan Printing Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is projected that the company will continue to rise and stay in business because of its strategic location. The company is right at the center of a market that is continu ing to grow. By last year, 2010, China became the biggest market globally in the field of commercial printing and publishing. The company relies on low operation, labor and raw material cost that is the advantageous with China. Besides this, the company has an efficient process of production while offering their products at low prices. This makes them competitive and attractive to the customer. Projecting the future of the company using these facts, then the company will soon be a multinational company with several subsidiaries in different parts of the world. Duoyuan Printing Inc. Duoyuan. 2009. Web. Financial 8. Latest Duoyuan Printing (DYP) Stock Research, Analysis and News. 2011. Web. Scribd. Duoyuan Printing, Inc. Profile. 2011. Scribd.com. Web. SEC. Investigating Duoyuan Printing over allegations of fraud. 2010. Web.

Othello research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Othello research paper - Essay Example He knows that Roderigo can give him money in exchange for his schemes and friendship. Having seen the other person’s weakness, he maximizes on it for his own devious ends. In addition, he hates Othello for picking Cassio as his lieutenant (I.i. 7–32), so that he promises himself that he will not let this unfair treatment go unnoticed. He plans to take his revenge by telling Othello that Cassio is sleeping with Desdemona (I.iii.369–370) and proves it through the aid of his wife Emilia and his other innocent â€Å"subjects†. In Act 2, Iago begins to suspect that Cassio has a hidden desire for Desdemona because he praises her and Iago finds it as a means to his advantage. Because he knows that Roderigo will do anything just to win Desdemona, he convinces him that if he kills Cassio then he will have Desdemona, and Iago will take Cassio’s place as Othello’s lieutenant. It appears that Iago has become so engrossed in his plans that his imaginations have been confused in his own mind to be reality. Having been motivated by the urgency of his desire for revenge, he boldly plans to tell Othello that Desdemona and Cassio are having an affair so that Othello will discharge Cassio and appoint him as replacement for Cassio as lieutenant (II.i.286). Iago’s schemes spare nobody who comes against his plans. He even discredits Cassio to Montano who has high regard of Cassio’s abilities and character. So when Roderigo attacks Cassio, Montano is also wounded. Iago appears gentle to Roderigo as he comforts him after the fight, the latter being unaware that he is just being used to achieve Iago’s personal and vested interests. To make matters worst, he uses his wife to let Desdemona and Cassio meet so that the meeting will appear to be a proof of Desdemona’s infidelity to Othello (II.iii.310). Act 3 shows that Iago uses and performs well as a good actor that Othello does not suspect his true intentions and feelings as he pretends shock

Business Plan - Swan Taxi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Plan - Swan Taxi - Essay Example The team for the company will be formed in such a way that the business succeeds in the long run. The team will be built in such a way that it should remain updated with the latest developments in the markets. Swan Taxi will be owned by four partners Yanallah, Mansour, Yousef, and Khalid. The company will employ five chauffeurs, who will be responsible for driving the passenger taxis, and few staff who will be engaged in daily office works.The key skills, attributes, and behaviors are must-haves for every entrepreneur in today’s society since the chances of business failure have gone significantly higher. The business environment has become increasingly complex with intense competition, innumerable product substitutes for customers, restrictive governmental regulations and higher customer expectations due to globalization.The economy of Swansea is advanced and diverse, with principal contributions from manufacturing and services sectors. In a 2010 report by Business Register a nd Employment Survey, services sector alone employed about 85% of the total workforce. This finding is important because the concentration of workforce in any particular sector denotes the growth and viability of that sector. The idea of starting a taxi business in Swansea gained prominence with an increase in demand for taxis by the passengers. It has been noticed that about 16,000 people regularly travel out of Swansea and about 26,000 people travel inside the city for their different purposes.

Critical analysis of conventionon cluster munitions Essay

Critical analysis of conventionon cluster munitions - Essay Example Almost 90 countries joined the legal process and 37 others have already signed and ratified the agreement. Meanwhile, the greatest political powers, including the United States, Russia, China and Israel rejected the Convention and are growing more reluctant to reduce their participation in the global military movement. The big military powers like Russia, China, the United States and Israel will continue resisting their participation in the international Convention on Cluster Munitions, as long as cluster munitions are the sources of numerous military and economic benefits, which these countries use in their fight against the minor and major military enemies. Understanding the reasons for which the biggest political powers reject the Convention on Cluster Munitions is impossible without having better understanding of what cluster munitions are and how they work. Objectively, â€Å"cluster munitions are weapons that, when launched or dropped by aircraft, disperse large numbers of sub munitions over wide areas that can be the size of two to four football fields† (UNDP). That cluster bombs do not always explode upon impact and continue threatening the civilian population remains one of the major issues of public concern. This is also the basic reason for developing and signing the global Convention on Cluster Munitions. Apart from serving the basic instrument of casualties in military operations, cluster munitions contribute to food insecurity through the contamination of arable land and by killing livestock (UNDP). Cluster bombs block access to water and sanitation and turn into a serious barrier to economic development (UNDP). Sinc e the World War II, cluster munitions have targeted almost 30 countries, and it is high time new legislation were developed and implemented, to reduce the risks of casualties among the civilian population (UNDP). The technical and military features of cluster munitions make it difficult for the

Lahad Datu Essay Example for Free

Lahad Datu Essay A senior police officer met the elder brother of the man who led a group of about 200 Sulu gunmen to occupy Kampung Tanduo in Lahad Datu two months before the February incident. Former Sabah Special Branch deputy chief Senior Asst Comm Zulkifli Abd Aziz said he met Datu Esmail Kiram in late December 2012. He told the High Court here that he met Esmail, brother of the self-styled Sulu sultan Jamallul Kiram, for a cup of coffee and to get to know him. Questioned by counsel Ram Singh, he said Esmail did not reveal plans by the so-called Royal Sulu Force to occupy Tanduo. Instead, Zulkifli said Esmail asked for his help to look for investors to develop his 1,600ha land in Mindanao into an oil palm plantation. Zulkifli said he contacted Esmail on Feb 12 to obtain the telephone number of his younger brother, Datuk Agbimuddin Kiram, the leader of the Sulu gunmen. Ram: I put it to you that you and the Special Branch were aware of the possible Sulu gunmen intrusion into Sabah as early as December 2012. Zulkifli: No Zulkifli said he was only alerted of the intrusion when he received a call from a duty officer at the Sabah Command Control Centre on Feb 12. Zulkilfli was testifying at the trial of D/Korp Hassan Ali Basari, 58, who was accused of intentionally omitting to give any information relating to terrorist acts between January and March 3 at the Special Branch office in the Lahad Datu police station in relation to the Sulu gunmen intrusion. The charge under Section 130M of the Penal Code carries a jail term of up to seven years or a fine or both upon conviction. Questioned further by Ram, Zulkifli said he cracked jokes and distributed cigarettes to ease a very tense situation when he met Agbimuddin and other gunmen in Kampung Tanduo. There were three meetings between Feb 14 and 16 for tactical intelligence purposes apart from trying to convince the group to leave. I cracked a few jokes to liven up the situation by promising to bring them fried chicken and pizzas. And to allow us to take pictures of them, I told them to smile for the camera because their photos might appear in newspapers the following day, he added. To another question, Zulkifli said Sabahans were generally more knowledgeable about the Sulu claim over the state than other Malaysians.

The theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber

The theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber It was the belief of Karl Marx that social class plays an integral role in society. It was his theory that social class is important to understanding capitalism and other social systems. He asserted that the history of all hitherto existing in society is the history of class struggles (Marx 1848). Marx theorised social classes are defined by the relationship between capitalists and their workforce. For Marx economics is the driving force of modern society and social class. It is the view of Marx that in the past although society did have strata, such stratum was based on titles and occupation rather than purely economics. The bourgeoisie and the proletariat are the main social classes that Marx purposes. The Bourgeoisie are the capitalists. They purchase and exploit the labour power. Marx notes that someone who merely owns capital cannot be sufficiently defined as a capitalist. It is the means of using capital as a means to exploit labour which characterises the capitalist. The proletariat are the labour force. They work in order to earn income for themselves and their families in order to survive. Marx purposes that the existing relationship between bourgeoisie and the proletariat is an exploitive relationship which is based on inequality. Webers definition of class is not unlike that given by Marx. Weber defines class as a category of people who, have in common a specific causal component of their life chances in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this component is represented exclusively by economic interests in the possession of goods and opportunities for income, and it is represented under the conditions of the commodity or labor market. Webber held a view close to Marxs that class position does not necessarily lead to class-determined economic or political action. Weber argued that communal class action surface after connections between the causes and the consequences of the class situation become apparent. Marx however proposes it is when a class becomes conscious of its interests, that is, of its relation, as a class, to other classes. In modern day Britain there is evidence that class inequality present in society. Wide disparities in health between the classes illustrate this fact. However it should be noted that inequalities in health based on class is not a new sociological occurrence. Chadwick took note of a disproportionate difference in life expectancy between the classes in 1842. Gentlemen and persons engaged in professions and their familiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦45 years; tradesmen and their familiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦26 years; Mechanics, servants and labourers, and their families à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 16 years (Chadwick 1842). Reports have been carried out that suggest an obvious link between social class and health. Such studies find that lower social class groups have a higher chance of illness and a sorter light expectancy. At the start of the 21st century, all European countries are faced with substantial inequalities in health within their populations. People with a lower level of education, a lower occupational class, or a lower level of income tend to die at a younger age, and tend to have a higher prevalence of most types of health problems. (Mackenbach 2006) The Acheson Report took a systematic review of research of health inequalities in the UK. The report found that overall the mortality rate for people aged 35 -64 years had fallen in the period studied; however there was an increased variation in mortality between the classes. The Acheson report also uncovered that within particular areas of the UK the inequalities in Health between the classes manifest its self greater. In Scotland for example, male life expectancy in the 10 percent most deprived areas is 13 years lower than in the 10 percent least deprived areas. Such difference between the classes is increasing; the life expectancy gap between the best and worst constituencies was 7.8 years in 1991. In 2001 this gap had risen to 13.7 year (Scottish Government 2007). Mackenbach noted in mortality in patterns that: Rates of mortality are consistently higher among those with a lower, than among those with a higher socio-economic position. Not only is the size of these inequalities often substantial, but inequalities in mortality have also increased in many European countries in the past decades. (Mackenbach 2006) It is proposed by Mackenbach that inequalities in mortality; start early in life and persist in to old age, affect both men and women but its influence is more prevalent in men and are found for most but not all specific causes of death. The Acheson report presented that in terms of enduring illness has strong link to socioeconomic differences. It was reported that in 1996 the 45-64 years age group, 17 percent of professional men reported a limited long standing illness compared with 48 percent of unskilled men. The Acheson Reported that among women, 25 percent of professional women and 45 percent of unskilled women report long standing illnesses. Mackenbach articulates that people with lower socio-economic positions not only live shorter lives nit also but spend a larger number of years in ill health. Why does that pattern of health inequality exist in modern society? The influential Black Report 1980 examined five explanations of health inequalities. These five explanations are; the artefact explanation, the social explanation, social selection exploitation, the cultural explanation and the social deprivation explanation. An artefact approach to understanding Health inequality suggests that such health disparities are statistical fiction. Critics debate what is the best way measuring such it is also argued by Bury (1997) suggests that comparing the bottom social class (V) is not longer effective as the number of people in this class has declined greatly. The social selection theory argues that good or bad health determines class position rather than vice versa. For example, having a long term health issue may limit a persons career opportunities. Critics counter this theory that although illness plays a role on life chances it not always the case that illness leads to downward social mobility. The explanation is also contrary to a Marxist thought. Marx would argue it is class that determines health. A cultural explanation of health inequalities suggests that the social classes behave in different ways. The less well of social classes are more likely to have poorer health because of diet, smoking or alcohol consumption. Shilling (1993) proposes that different social classes view their bodies in different ways. Shilling asserts that the lower social classes tend to see the body in terms of what it enables them to do, for example for work and looking after children. According to Shilling health is not considered an issue until problems arise for the lower classes until the body cannot function normally. Higher social classes treat the body as an end in its self and have higher focus on preventing illness from occurring. Such an explanation for Health inequalities in contemporary Britain based on social class harmonises with the theories of Marx and Weber. The explanation the lower classes (the proletariat) regard their bodies as a machine used for means of work is compatible with t he sociological assertions of Marx and Weber. Marx would say such a view of the body is a result of class struggle. The proletariat must view their body as machine for work. Marx submits that proletariat must work in order to survive. This is why for the lower class health only becomes an issue when they are unable to work because of illness. Is also argues the material situation of a person and the conditions that they live and work in conditions which they work and live is an important factor in determining their health. Issues such as poverty, employments, housing and access to care are influential factors to be considered. The Acheson report in order to address the issues involved adopted a socioeconomic model of health and inequalities, combining the above theories. The socioeconomic model however does go as far to address a connection between its different layers. The Black Report reported a growth of health inequalities across Britain. These widening inequalities in health have been observed, in socio-economic terms. However findings demonstrated that overall health had improved since the creation of the welfare state. Although the standard of health has increased in equilibrium with an improvement in standard in living it is conclusive that inequalities in health based on class still exist in Britain. Marx would note the improvement of living standards for proletariat but would note the of Bourgeoisie exploiting the work of the proletariat to create excess capital. It is conclusive from the findings of the Black Report and Acheson that need for Marxs proletariat to work is what constructs their attitude towards health. In contemporary Britain there have been improvements made in health over all but class in equalities have not been reduced.